{"id":5729,"date":"2023-01-13T14:21:39","date_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:21:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oner.av.tr\/?p=5729"},"modified":"2025-01-16T19:13:43","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T16:13:43","slug":"estetik-ameliyat-yargitay-karari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oner.av.tr\/en\/estetik-ameliyat-yargitay-karari\/","title":{"rendered":"ESTET\u0130K AMEL\u0130YAT YARGITAY KARARI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Meme Esteti\u011fi Hatas\u0131<\/a> \u0130le \u0130lgili Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Davac\u0131 vekili, m\u00fcvekkili ile daval\u0131 doktor aras\u0131nda 01.02.2013 tarihinde g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs esteti\u011fi (g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs b\u00fcy\u00fctme) ameliyat\u0131 konusunda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sonucu estetik m\u00fcdahaleye karar verildi\u011fini, bu a\u015famada hi\u00e7bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapmadan foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekimi yap\u0131lmadan ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar sorulmadan sadece 300 cc yuvarlak silikon kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve bunun da 85 bedene tekab\u00fcl edece\u011fi bununla sorunun giderilece\u011fi, bedelinin de 5.000,00 TL oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p, bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda v\u00fccudundan ya\u011f al\u0131narak g\u00f6z kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve aln\u0131n\u0131 doldurup, bunun ileri ya\u015flarda kendisini daha iyi hissetmesine yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu i\u015fler i\u00e7in de 2.500,00 TL olmak \u00fczere toplam 7.500,00 TL’ye anla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, 2.000,00 TL kaparo istedi\u011fini, yap\u0131lan anla\u015fma ile 08.02.2013 tarihinde yap\u0131lan ameliyat sonras\u0131nda sol g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcnde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir \u015fi\u015flik ve g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs u\u00e7lar\u0131nda sarkma, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru e\u011filim, ayn\u0131 zamanda y\u00fcz\u00fcne yap\u0131lan dolgu ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015fi\u015flik nedeniyle de y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn tan\u0131nmaz hale geldi\u011fini, daval\u0131 doktorun yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmede m\u00fcvekkiline 300 cc olmas\u0131 gerekirken 260 cc uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs \u015fekillerinin simetrik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 sarkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sol g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015fi\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle tekrar ameliyat gerekti\u011fini, 2. ameliyat\u0131n 11 g\u00fcn sonra yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ilk ameliyata g\u00f6re daha vahim sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furdu\u011funu, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleri aras\u0131nda 4-5 parmak bo\u015fluk kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, koltuk alt\u0131na yeni kesiler a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu kesilerin yanl\u0131\u015f yerden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle silikonlar\u0131n koltuk alt\u0131na denk geldi\u011fini ve yana d\u00f6n\u00fcp uyumas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, daval\u0131n\u0131n bu ay\u0131pl\u0131 eylemi nedeniyle m\u00fcvekkilinin en az 2 kez daha ameliyat olmas\u0131 ve bu ameliyatlar i\u00e7in 6’\u015far ay beklemesi gerekti\u011fini, bu yap\u0131lacak ameliyatlar\u0131n daval\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f kesileri nedeniyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilindi\u011fini, \u00f6deme g\u00fcc\u00fc de bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekecek yeni ameliyat ve masraflar\u0131n\u0131n maddi tazminat talepleri i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini, yine daval\u0131 ile botoks uygulamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde herhangi bir anla\u015fma bulunmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen daval\u0131n\u0131n vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu faturalardan her iki ameliyatta da botoks uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenlerle fazlaya ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131n\u0131n sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla 5.000,00 TL maddi ve 100.000,00 TL manevi tazminat\u0131n daval\u0131dan tahsiline karar verilmesi istemi\u015f, 08.01.2014 tarihli dilek\u00e7esiyle de, maddi tazminat istemini 4.500,00 TL ameliyat ve hastane masraflar\u0131, 500,00 TL’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lamayan s\u00fcre nedeniyle gelir kayb\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131 vekili ise, ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalelerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n davac\u0131n\u0131n bilgisi ve onam\u0131 dahilinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini, her iki m\u00fcdahalenin de olumlu ve olumsuz y\u00f6nlerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131n\u0131n talep etti\u011fi gibi 260 cc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcndeki silikon protezlerin g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fini, ameliyat\u0131n son derece ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, daha sonra g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerine 300 cc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcndeki silikon protez kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n talep etti\u011fini, ilk t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalenin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 sonu\u00e7 vermesine ra\u011fmen bu talebi \u00fczerine ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 onam formu ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu operasyonun da kendi istemi ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fini, bu ameliyat sonras\u0131nda da psikolojisini rahatlatamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, kalitesiz silikon kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00fcnyaca bilinen \u201cAllergan\u201d marka protez kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs u\u00e7lar\u0131yla ilgili herhangi bir m\u00fcdahalesinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, iki meme aras\u0131ndaki geni\u015flik ameliyat \u00f6ncesindeki gibi oldu\u011funu, maksimum 0,5-1 cm aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, silikon protezin kas alt\u0131nda cep haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken kas\u0131n g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs kemi\u011fine (sternum) liflerin fazla zorlanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, davac\u0131 taraf\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131p literat\u00fcr\u00fc ile ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, m\u00fcvekkilinin kusursuz oldu\u011funu savunarak, davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmesini istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mahkemece, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu 2. \u0130htisas Kurulu’nun vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu 05.11.2014 tarihli raporuyla yap\u0131lan muayeneye g\u00f6re her iki meme alt\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 cm’lik yara nedbe izlerinin meme b\u00fcy\u00fctme yara insizasyonlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her iki meme aras\u0131ndaki hafif asimetrinin meme b\u00fcy\u00fctme operasyonu sonras\u0131 beklenen bir komplikasyonu oldu\u011fu ve her iki memede yana kayman\u0131n da protezin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zene ra\u011fmen olu\u015fabilen, herhangi bir t\u0131bbi ihm\u00e2l ve kusura izafe edilemeyen komplikasyon olarak nitelendirildi\u011fi, s\u00f6z konusu durumun sekonder m\u00fcdahalelerle d\u00fczeltilebilece\u011fi cihetle daval\u0131 hekime atf\u0131 kabil bir kusur tespit edilemedi\u011finin bildirildi\u011fi, bu rapora itiraz \u00fczerine al\u0131nan \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden olu\u015fan bilirki\u015fi kurulun 09.10.2015 tarihli raporunda da ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle hekimin kusurlu bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mahkemece h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan raporlar\u0131n dosya kapsam\u0131 ile ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenemez. \u015e\u00f6yle ki, taraflar aras\u0131nda s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kuruldu\u011fu tarih itibariyle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bulunan 6098 say\u0131l\u0131 TBK’n\u0131n 470 ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi bulundu\u011fu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k konusu de\u011fildir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile davac\u0131ya estetik m\u00fcdahalelerde bulunulmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davac\u0131 ile daval\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin niteli\u011fi itibariyle hekim ile hasta aras\u0131nda tedaviye ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini d\u00fczenleyen TBK’n\u0131n 470. maddesi uyar\u0131nca y\u00fcklenicinin edimi bir eser meydana getirmeyi, i\u015f sahibinin edimi ise, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bedel \u00f6demeyi \u00fcstlenmesidir. Eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi y\u00fcklenici sonucu garanti etmektedir. Davac\u0131, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcslerinin b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclmesi ve g\u00f6z kapa\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in estetik gayeyle daval\u0131ya ba\u015fvurmu\u015f oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, estetik ameliyat yap\u0131lmak suretiyle istenilen ve kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan amaca uygun g\u00fczel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n taraflar aras\u0131ndaki eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin konusu oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Burada s\u00f6zle\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni belli bir sonucun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131d\u0131r. Eser y\u00fcklenicinin sanat ve becerisini gerektiren bir emek sarf\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sonu\u00e7 olup, y\u00fcklenici eseri i\u015f sahibinin yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde ve ona hi\u00e7bir zarar vermeden meydana getirmek y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan y\u00fcklenicinin bor\u00e7lar\u0131 TBK’n\u0131n 471. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olup, (1) Y\u00fcklenici, \u00fcstlendi\u011fi edimleri i\u015f sahibinin hakl\u0131 menfaatlerini g\u00f6zeterek, sadakat ve \u00f6zenle ifa etmek zorundad\u0131r. (2) Y\u00fcklenicinin \u00f6zen borcundan do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011funun belirlenmesinde, benzer alandaki i\u015fleri \u00fcstlenen basiretli bir y\u00fcklenicinin g\u00f6stermesi gereken mesleki ve teknik kurallara uygun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 esas al\u0131n\u0131r. Denilmi\u015f olup, Y\u00fcklenici olan hekimin de bu d\u00fczenlemeden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere edimini sadakat ve \u00f6zenle ifa etmek y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmaktad\u0131r. Y\u00fcklenicinin \u00f6zen borcundan do\u011fan sorumlulu\u011funda benzer alanlardaki i\u015fleri \u00fcstlenen basiretli bir y\u00fcklenicinin g\u00f6stermesi gereken mesleki ve teknik kurallar\u0131n esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yine eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin niteli\u011fi gere\u011fi y\u00fcklenici sonucu garanti etmi\u015f say\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Komplikasyonlarda ise ayd\u0131nlatma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve komplikasyon y\u00f6netiminin do\u011fru yap\u0131lmas\u0131 yine y\u00fcklenicinin (hekimin) sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan, 04.04.1997 tarihinde imzalanan ve 09.12.2003 tarihinde 25311 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete’de yay\u0131mlan\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren ve i\u00e7 hukukumuzun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelen AVRUPA B\u0130YOTIP S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 16.03.2004 tarihinde onaylanm\u0131\u015f olup, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin “Meslek Kurallar\u0131na Uyma” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 4. maddesinde, “ara\u015ft\u0131rma dahil, sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda herhangi bir m\u00fcdahalenin ilgili mesleki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ve standartlara uygun olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.” d\u00fczenlemesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, davac\u0131ya hastane ortam\u0131nda t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de esas al\u0131narak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc zorunludur. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 4. maddesinde kastedilen standart\u0131n da, t\u0131bbi standart oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olup, t\u0131bbi standartlara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fhis yada tedavi a\u015famas\u0131nda yada m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7te noksanl\u0131k yada yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. \u201cT\u0131bbi Standart\u201d hekimin tedavinin amac\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan ve denenerek ispatlanm\u0131\u015f bulunan, hekim tecr\u00fcbesi ve do\u011fa bilimlerinin o anki ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyi ifade etmekte olup, denenmi\u015f ve bilinen temel meslek kurallar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin eser niteli\u011findeki estetik m\u00fcdahalelerde de uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc zorunludur. \u00d6te yandan ayr\u0131ca 5. maddede, ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f r\u0131za al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, davac\u0131ya uygulanan i\u015flem t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ve hastane ortam\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki mevzuata g\u00f6re de hastane kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak tutulmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu bulunmakta, hekimin hastadan onam\u0131n\u0131 alma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim, 1279 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa’n\u0131n 70. maddesi uyar\u0131nca a\u011f\u0131r t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalelerde hastan\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Hususi Hastaneler kanunu<\/a> uyar\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan Hasta Haklar\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi’nde de hastane kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n tam olarak tutulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin 7. ve 16. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlemeler bulunmakta olup, hastaya ait kay\u0131tlar\u0131n da noksans\u0131z olarak tutulmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n

Mahkemece al\u0131nan Adli T\u0131p Raporunda, sonu\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131nda, ilk ameliyatta tak\u0131lan 260 cc’lik meme protezi ve g\u00f6bekten ya\u011f al\u0131narak g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131na enjeksiyon uygulamalar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015flem sonras\u0131nda y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ve g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ok \u015fi\u015fti\u011fi operasyondan sonra ki\u015finin g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yeterli bulmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine tekrar g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini b\u00fcy\u00fctmek istedi\u011fi, ilgili hekimin bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in erken oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemesine ra\u011fmen ki\u015finin t\u00fcm komplikasyonlar\u0131 ilgili hekimden dinleyerek ameliyat\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131 onam olarak belirtildi\u011fi, her iki g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fcne 300 cc’lik allergan jel protezin tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ki\u015finin her iki g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs aralad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015f olmas\u0131ndan, yan yatamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fikayet\u00e7i oldu\u011funu ifade etti\u011fi, ki\u015finin muayenesine her iki meme alt\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 cm’lik yara nedbe izlerinin meme b\u00fcy\u00fctme yara inzisyonlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her iki meme aras\u0131ndaki hafif asimetrinin meme b\u00fcy\u00fctme operasyonu sonras\u0131 beklenen bir komplikasyonu oldu\u011fu ve her iki memede yana kayman\u0131n da protezin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6zene ra\u011fmen olu\u015fabilen herhangi bir ihmal ve kusur izafe edilemeyen komplikasyon olarak nitelendirildi\u011fi, s\u00f6z konusu durumun sekonder m\u00fcdahalelerle d\u00fczeltilebilece\u011finden bahisle kusur bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Somut olay de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, davac\u0131ya yap\u0131lan estetik m\u00fcdahalenin sonucu itibariyle i\u015f sahibi yarar\u0131na sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fi gibi, 1. operasyon \u00f6ncesi onamda ayd\u0131nlatma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn yerine getirilmedi\u011fi ve kay\u0131tlar\u0131n tam olarak tutulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi niteli\u011fi gere\u011fince y\u00fcklenicinin edimini tam olarak yerine getirdi\u011finden s\u00f6z edilemeyece\u011fi ve kusurlu bulundu\u011fu, komplikasyon konusunda ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lman\u0131n yetersiz oldu\u011fu gibi, komplikasyon y\u00f6netiminin de yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dosya kapsam\u0131 ile anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Adli T\u0131p Kurumu’nun yeterli gerek\u00e7e i\u00e7ermeyen raporuna dayan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bu raporun tekrar\u0131 mahiyetindeki 2. rapor da g\u00f6zetilerek karar verilmesi hatal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenlerle mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f, daval\u0131 hekimin kusurlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilerek davac\u0131n\u0131n istek kalemleri de\u011ferlendirilerek eserin kabule icbar edilemeyecek derecede ay\u0131pl\u0131 olmamakla birlikte adli t\u0131p raporunda belirtilen m\u00fcdahalelerin neler oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcr ameliyatlarla ve ne miktarda giderilebilece\u011fi konusunda rapor al\u0131n\u0131p, davac\u0131n\u0131n gelir kayb\u0131 ve manevi tazminatla ilgili istek kalemleri de de\u011ferlendirilip, has\u0131l olacak sonuca uygun bir karar vermekten ibarettir.<\/p>\n

Karar bu nedenlerle bozulmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7: Yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan nedenlerle h\u00fckm\u00fcn davac\u0131 yarar\u0131na BOZULMAMSINA, \u00f6dedi\u011fi temyiz pe\u015fin harc\u0131n\u0131n istek halinde temyiz eden davac\u0131ya geri verilmesine, karara kar\u015f\u0131 tebli\u011f tarihinden itibaren 15 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde karar d\u00fczeltme isteminde bulunulabilece\u011fine 03.07.2018 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde oybirli\u011fi ile karar verildi.<\/p>\n

T.C. Yarg\u0131tay 6.HUKUK DA\u0130RES\u0130 Esas:2021-2706 Karar:2022-2509 Karar Tarihi:28.04.2022<\/strong><\/p>\n

Somut olayda; ilk derece mahkemesince Adli T\u0131p Kurulu 2. \u0130htisas Kurulu\u2019ndan 20.04.2015 tarihli rapor al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu rapora itiraz \u00fczerine Estetik, Plastik ve Rekonst\u00fcrktif Cerrahi uzman\u0131 bilirki\u015fi kurulu 10.12.2015 tarihli raporunu mahkemeye sunmu\u015ftur. Al\u0131nan bu raporlar g\u00f6zetilerek daval\u0131 hekimin kusurunun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esi as\u0131l dava reddedilmi\u015f ise de; taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu ve yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde davac\u0131n\u0131n meme protez, b\u00fcy\u00fctme ve dikle\u015ftirme ile ilgili isteminin y\u00fcklenici taraf\u0131ndan daha g\u00fczel bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir garanti verilmesi ve m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131 s\u00fcrecin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde neticelendirilmesi niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu, ancak operasyon sonras\u0131nda davac\u0131n\u0131n meme ucunu ve simetrisini kaybetmi\u015f oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, davac\u0131ya yap\u0131lan estetik m\u00fcdahalenin sonucu itibariyle davac\u0131 i\u015f sahibi yarar\u0131na sonu\u00e7 vermedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda meme protez, b\u00fcy\u00fctme ve dikle\u015ftirme operasyonu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yeterli gerek\u00e7e i\u00e7ermeyen bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131na dayan\u0131lmas\u0131 hatal\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenlerle mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f, daval\u0131 hekimin davac\u0131n\u0131n meme ucunu ve simetrisini kaybetmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kusurlu oldu\u011fu g\u00f6zetilerek davac\u0131n\u0131n istek kalemlerini de\u011ferlendirmek, h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan 10.12.2015 tarihli bilirki\u015fi raporunu d\u00fczenleyen bilirki\u015fi heyetinden ek rapor al\u0131narak davac\u0131n\u0131n talep edebilece\u011fi maddi tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplatt\u0131rmak, taraflar\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik durumlar\u0131na g\u00f6re manevi tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirmek ve has\u0131l olacak sonuca uygun bir karar vermekten ibarettir. A\u00e7\u0131klanan bu nedenlerle karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 uygun bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Burun Esteti\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1-) Yarg\u0131tay 6.HUKUK DA\u0130RES\u0130 Esas:2021-4602 Karar:2022-3189 Karar Tarihi:08.06.2022<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n

Yerel mahkemece, genel cerrahi ve adli t\u0131p uzman\u0131, plastik cerrahi uzman\u0131 ve hukuk\u00e7u bilirki\u015fiden al\u0131nan 26\/08\/2019 tarihli raporda davac\u0131 \u015fikayetlerinin, herhangi bir t\u0131bbi ihmal ve kusura izafe edilemeyen komplikasyon olarak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f, bu rapor yerel mahkemece ve b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesince denetime elveri\u015fli oldu\u011fu belirtilerek davac\u0131n\u0131n talepleri reddedilmi\u015f ise de, eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re y\u00fcklenicinin sonu\u00e7 taahh\u00fcd\u00fc olup, ay\u0131ptan sorumlulu\u011fu i\u00e7in kusurlu olmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmedi\u011finden raporun h\u00fckme yeterli oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesince ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onama formunda davac\u0131ya bilgilendirmenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015f ise de; davac\u0131dan al\u0131nan 12\/06\/2011 tarihli ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam formunda davac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131l\u0131p paraf edilmesi gereken k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n bo\u015f oldu\u011fu, komplikasyonlar aras\u0131nda \u201cnadir olarak burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tekrarlamas\u0131 nedeniyle ileride ba\u015fka bir ameliyat gerekebilir.” ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, davac\u0131n\u0131n \u015fikayetlerini kapsayan bir ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n yerine getirilmedi\u011fi, ayn\u0131 ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam formunu imzalayan hekimin ise, daval\u0131 \u2026 de\u011fil dava d\u0131\u015f\u0131 … oldu\u011fu, 08\/05\/2013 tarihli ikinci operasyon i\u00e7in ise, ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f onam formu bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu haliyle ayd\u0131nlatman\u0131n da yeterli oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n

Bu durumda mahkemece yap\u0131lacak i\u015f; dosyan\u0131n \u00fcniversitelerin plastik ve rekonstr\u00fcktif cerrahi ve kulak burun bo\u011faz rinoplasti uzman\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden olu\u015fturulacak bilirki\u015fi kuruluna tevdii edilerek, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olup y\u00fcklenicinin sonu\u00e7 taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn oldu\u011fu ve yine eser s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde y\u00fcklenicinin ay\u0131ptan TBK’n\u0131n 475. maddesine g\u00f6re sorumlu olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kusurlu bulunmas\u0131 gerekmedi\u011fi g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak; estetik ama\u00e7l\u0131 ameliyat\u0131n, t\u0131bb\u0131n gereklerine ve taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine uygun \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yap\u0131lan i\u015flemin amac\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, eserin ay\u0131pl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131l\u0131p yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, ameliyat nedeniyle davac\u0131n\u0131n burnunda ge\u00e7ici veya kal\u0131c\u0131 bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131nda gerek\u00e7eli ve denetime elveri\u015fli rapor al\u0131n\u0131p, davac\u0131n\u0131n maddi ve manevi tazminat istemlerinin de\u011ferlendirilerek h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131ndan ibarettir.<\/p>\n

2-) Yarg\u0131tay 6.HUKUK DA\u0130RES\u0130 Esas:2021-6148 Karar:2022-4506 Karar Tarihi:04.10.2022<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n

04.04.1997 tarihinde imzalanan ve 09.12.2003 tarihinde 25311 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazetede yay\u0131mlan\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren ve i\u00e7 hukukumuzun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelen AVRUPA B\u0130YOTIP S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 16.03.2004 tarihinde onaylanm\u0131\u015f olup, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin \\”Meslek Kurallar\u0131na Uyma\\” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 4. maddesinde, \\”ara\u015ft\u0131rma dahil, sa\u011fl\u0131k alan\u0131nda herhangi bir m\u00fcdahalenin ilgili mesleki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler ve standartlara uygun olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir\\” d\u00fczenlemesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, davac\u0131ya hastane ortam\u0131nda t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahalede bulunuldu\u011funa g\u00f6re bu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmleri de esas al\u0131narak uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc zorunludur. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin 4. maddesinde kastedilen standart\u0131n da, t\u0131bbi standart oldu\u011fu tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olup, t\u0131bbi standartlara ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fhis ya da tedavi a\u015famas\u0131nda ya da m\u00fcdahale sonras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7te noksanl\u0131k ya da yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131k \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. \u201cT\u0131bbi Standart\u201d hekimin tedavinin amac\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan ve denenerek ispatlanm\u0131\u015f bulunan, hekim tecr\u00fcbesi ve do\u011fa bilimlerinin o anki ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyi ifade etmekte olup, denenmi\u015f ve bilinen temel meslek kurallar\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin eser niteli\u011findeki estetik m\u00fcdahalelerde de uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc zorunludur. Ayr\u0131ca 5. maddede, ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f r\u0131za al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunlulu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ameliyat ve dava tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan TBK\u2019n\u0131n 56. maddesinde; \\”Hakim, bir kimsenin bedensel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn zedelenmesi durumunda, olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, zarar g\u00f6rene uygun bir miktar paran\u0131n manevi tazminat olarak \u00f6denmesine karar verebilir\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Zarar g\u00f6rene tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan manevi tazminat hakk\u0131, ki\u015finin sosyal, fiziksel ve duygusal ki\u015filik de\u011ferlerinin sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011framas\u0131 durumunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen bir tazminat t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Amac\u0131 ise ki\u015finin, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan eylemden dolay\u0131 bozulan manevi dengesinin eski haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi, ki\u015finin duygusal olarak tatmin edilmesi, zarar vereni bir daha b\u00f6yle bir eylemde bulunmaktan al\u0131koymas\u0131 gibi olgular\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n

Manevi tazminat, ki\u015finin \u00e7ekmi\u015f oldu\u011fu fiziksel ve manevi ac\u0131lar\u0131 dindirmeyi, hafifletmeyi ama\u00e7lar. Bu tazminat bizzat ya\u015fanan ac\u0131 ve elemin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tazminat t\u00fcr\u00fc, ki\u015finin haks\u0131z eylem sonucu duydu\u011fu ac\u0131 ve elemin giderilmesini ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, zarar g\u00f6ren ki\u015fi, \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc miktar\u0131 belirleyerek istemde bulunabilir.<\/p>\n

Maddi zararda oldu\u011funun aksine manevi tazminatta kesin bir hesab\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in miktar\u0131, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fi, taraflar\u0131n sosyal ve ekonomik durumlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131narak TMK\u2019n\u0131n 4. maddesi uyar\u0131nca hakim taraf\u0131ndan takdir ve tayin edilir. Hakim, manevi tazminat\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemede geni\u015f bir yetkiye sahiptir. Takdir edilecek bu tutar, zarara u\u011frayanda manevi huzuru do\u011furmay\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek tazminata benzer bir i\u015flevi (fonksiyonu) olan \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131r. Bir ceza olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hukukuna ili\u015fkin bir zarar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 da ama\u00e7 edinmemi\u015ftir. O halde bu tazminat\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 onun amac\u0131na g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir. Takdir edilecek tutar, var olan durumda elde edilmek istenilen doyum (tatmin) duygusunun etkisine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan kadar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. 22\/06\/1966 tarihli ve 7\/7 say\u0131l\u0131 Yarg\u0131tay \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme Karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esinde, takdir olunacak manevi tazminat\u0131n tutar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyecek \u00f6zel durum ve ko\u015fullar da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar her olaya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilece\u011finden hakim, bu konuda takdir hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken ona etkili olan nedenleri de karar yerinde nesnel (objektif) \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere g\u00f6re uygun (isabetli) bir bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6stermelidir. Hakim belirlemeyi yaparken somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fini, zarar g\u00f6renin ekonomik ve sosyal durumunu, paran\u0131n al\u0131m g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc, duyulan ve ileride duyulacak elem ve \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131 g\u00f6zetmelidir.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olaya bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; her ne kadar hekime kusur izafe edilemeyece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015f ise de, mahkemeye sunulan belgelerde sadece y\u00fcz gerdirme operasyonu ile ilgili onam formunun bulundu\u011fu, kar\u0131n ya\u011f ald\u0131rma ameliyat\u0131 ile ilgili onam kayd\u0131na rastlanmam\u0131\u015f olup, hastan\u0131n kendisine yap\u0131lacak t\u0131bbi m\u00fcdahale ve neticesinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi komplikasyonlar hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirilmesi zorunluluktur. Nitekim h\u00fckme esas al\u0131nan 03\/03\/2020 tarihli bilirki\u015fi raporunda da; dosya ve eklerinde anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere ameliyat sonras\u0131 takiplerde, kar\u0131nda seroma ve g\u00f6z kapaklar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 asimetriler meydana geldi\u011finin anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, her iki durum da ameliyat sonras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek istenmeyen durumlar olarak kabul edilse de; kar\u0131n ya\u011f ald\u0131rma ve y\u00fcz germe ameliyatlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda uzman olan hekimdir ve ayd\u0131nlatma g\u00f6revi vard\u0131r. Davac\u0131da ameliyat sonras\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan komplikasyon ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bozuklu\u011funa sebebiyet verilmesi de kusurlu bir davran\u0131\u015f olup, hekime izafe edilebilecek bir kusur olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Yine yukar\u0131da belirtilen ilkeler gere\u011fince daval\u0131 y\u00fcklenicinin sonu\u00e7 taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fc tam ve gere\u011fi gibi yerine getirmedi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu durumda mahkemece davac\u0131n\u0131n maddi ve manevi tazminat talebinin yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan kriterler esas al\u0131narak de\u011ferlendirmesi ve karar verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Belirtilen nedenlerle; eksik inceleme ve yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlendirme sonucu verilen karar do\u011fru olmam\u0131\u015f, bozulmas\u0131 uygun bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Meme Esteti\u011fi Hatas\u0131 \u0130le \u0130lgili Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131 Davac\u0131 vekili, m\u00fcvekkili ile daval\u0131 doktor aras\u0131nda 01.02.2013 tarihinde g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs esteti\u011fi (g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs b\u00fcy\u00fctme) ameliyat\u0131 konusunda yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme sonucu estetik m\u00fcdahaleye karar verildi\u011fini, bu a\u015famada hi\u00e7bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm yapmadan foto\u011fraf \u00e7ekimi yap\u0131lmadan ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar sorulmadan sadece 300 cc yuvarlak silikon kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve bunun da 85 bedene tekab\u00fcl edece\u011fi bununla sorunun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5730,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yargitay-kararlari"],"yoast_head":"\nEstetik Ameliyat Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131 - Estetik Avukatlar\u0131 \u0130stanbul<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Estetik Ameliyat Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131, Meme Esteti\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131, G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs Esteti\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131, Burun Esteti\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oner.av.tr\/en\/estetik-ameliyat-yargitay-karari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"ESTET\u0130K AMEL\u0130YAT YARGITAY KARARI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Estetik Ameliyat Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131, Meme Esteti\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131, G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs Esteti\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Kararlar\u0131, Burun Esteti\u011fi Yarg\u0131tay Karar\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oner.av.tr\/en\/estetik-ameliyat-yargitay-karari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y Lawyer and Law Office \u2013 \u00d6ner Law and Consultancy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/onerhukukvedanismanlik\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-13T11:21:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-16T16:13:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/oner.av.tr\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/1-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Av. 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