{"id":2127,"date":"2020-07-04T00:14:19","date_gmt":"2020-07-03T21:14:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oner.av.tr\/?p=2127"},"modified":"2025-01-02T16:05:09","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T13:05:09","slug":"hatir-tasimaciligi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oner.av.tr\/en\/hatir-tasimaciligi\/","title":{"rendered":"HATIR TA\u015eIMACILI\u011eI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Nedir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131; ta\u015f\u0131yan\u0131n, yak\u0131n\u0131 olsun olmas\u0131n herhangi bir kimseyi ta\u015f\u0131t\u0131na al\u0131p, \u00fccret almaks\u0131z\u0131n bir yerden bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Kuzeninizi evden havaalan\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek, e\u015finizin arkada\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hastaneden eve g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek veya arac\u0131n ba\u015fka birisine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z bir \u015fekilde verilmesi. Bunlar hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131na \u00f6rnek olarak g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Trafik kazalar\u0131n\u0131n meydana gelmesi sonucu a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda, daval\u0131lar \u201chat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda hesaplanan tazminattan indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemektedirler.<\/p>\n

Karayollar\u0131 Trafik Kanunu\u2019nun 87. maddesinde hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere tabi k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ise de, Yarg\u0131tay g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ve genel kan\u0131, hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 da olsa taraflar aras\u0131nda \u201cyolcu ta\u015f\u0131ma\u201d ili\u015fkisinin kuruldu\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n

Ara\u00e7 i\u00e7inde seyahat edenlerin \u00f6lmesi ya da malul kalmas\u0131 durumunda \u201chat\u0131r ta\u015fmas\u0131\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131na giren yolcular i\u00e7in hesaplanacak olan tazminattan 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 51 ve 52\u2019nci maddeleri gere\u011fince\u00a0 bir indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Hakim\/Hakem\u2019in tazminattan indirim yapmas\u0131 ya da yapmamas\u0131 halinde hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 konusunu detayl\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klamak durumundad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n kararlar\u0131 da bu y\u00f6ndedir. Yarg\u0131tay kararlar\u0131nda \u201chat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131nda tazminattan indirimin mutlaka zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, nedenlerinin karar yerinde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yasal m\u0131?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasald\u0131r. Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen herhangi bir yasal d\u00fczenleme mevcut de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ndirimi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 indirimi nedir? Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131yan\u0131n, yak\u0131n\u0131 olsun olmas\u0131n herhangi bir kimseyi ta\u015f\u0131t\u0131na bindirip, \u00fccret almaks\u0131z\u0131n bir yerden bir yere g\u00f6t\u00fcrmesidir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 indirimi, ya\u015fanan trafik kazas\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Hakim, tazminat\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6denme bi\u00e7imini, durumun gere\u011fini ve \u00f6zellikle kusurun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak belirler. (TBK m. 51)<\/p>\n

Hakim tazminattan mutlaka indirim yapmak zorunda de\u011fildir. Ancak bunun dahi gerek\u00e7esini karar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve nedenlerini g\u00f6stermesi gerekir. Ayr\u0131ca hem hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131, hem de m\u00fcterafik kusur hallerinde, bu hususun tazminat\u0131n bilirki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan hesab\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmay\u0131p, hakim gerek\u00e7esini karar\u0131nda tart\u0131\u015fmak ve hangisi i\u00e7in hangi oranda indirim yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek suretiyle tazminattan kendisi hakkaniyet gere\u011fi indirim yapabilir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130ndirim Oran\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 indirim oran\u0131 % 20 dir. Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesi yerle\u015fik uygulamas\u0131na g\u00f6re %20 oran\u0131nda hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 indirimi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hakkaniyet \u0130ndirimi<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tazminattan indirim sebeplerini d\u00fczenleyen ( TBK m. 52) \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen sebepler ise daha \u00e7ok zarar g\u00f6renle ilgilidir. \\”Hi\u00e7 kimsenin kendi kusurundan yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131\\” y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki genel hukuk ilkesinin etkisiyle, maddede say\u0131lan belirli hal ve durumlarda tazminattan indirim yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn bulunmaktad\u0131r. An\u0131lan madde kapsam\u0131nda yer alan indirim sebeplerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131; zarar verici fiile r\u0131za, ortak veya ki\u015fisel kusurdur. Zarar g\u00f6ren, zararland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olay\u0131n sebep olaca\u011f\u0131 zarara \u00f6nceden raz\u0131 olabilir. Zarar g\u00f6ren, zarara a\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir irade beyan\u0131yla raz\u0131 olabilece\u011fi gibi, r\u0131zan\u0131n, di\u011fer birtak\u0131m olgulardan da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu duruma yarg\u0131sal kararlarda en s\u0131k rastlan\u0131lan \u00f6rnek eldeki davada da oldu\u011fu gibi; alkoll\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn arabas\u0131na onun bu durumunu bilerek binen bir ki\u015finin meydana gelebilecek zarara \u00f6nceden, kapal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde raz\u0131 oldu\u011funun kabul\u00fc y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir. Makul bir insan\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u015fartlarda kendi yarar\u0131 gere\u011fince yapmamas\u0131 gereken harekette bulunmas\u0131 da, zarar g\u00f6renin ortak kusurunu ifade etmektedir. Zarar g\u00f6renin bu kusuru, illiyet ba\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesmeyecek yo\u011funlukta ise tazminattan bir indirim sebebidir. Burada da hakim, somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini dikkate alarak, hakkaniyet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle indirim yapabilecektir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015eartlar\u0131<\/strong><\/h2>\n

“Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 \u015fartlar\u0131” 3 ana ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda say\u0131labilir. Bunlar:<\/p>\n

1-) Ki\u015fi Ara\u00e7la Ta\u015f\u0131nmal\u0131 veya Ara\u00e7 Ki\u015fiye Verilmeli<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ki\u015finin \u00fccretsiz ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak ara\u00e7la ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 veya arac\u0131n hat\u0131r i\u00e7in \u00fccretsiz ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z olarak kulland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Ki\u015fi ara\u00e7tan indikten sonra arac\u0131n hemen orada kaza yapmas\u0131 halinde art\u0131k hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilemeyecektir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015fi kendi r\u0131zas\u0131yla araca binmelidir. R\u0131za olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakit hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131ndan da s\u00f6z edilemez.<\/p>\n

2-) Ta\u015f\u0131ma ve Kulland\u0131rma \u00dccretsiz Olmal\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n \u00fccretsiz olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 veya arac\u0131n \u00fccretsiz bir \u015fekilde kulland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Burada tespit edilmesi gereken, her \u00fccretsiz ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131n hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilip de\u011ferlendirilmeyece\u011fidir. \u00d6zellikle ki\u015finin aile bireylerini ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 \u201chat\u0131r\u201d kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmemektedir.<\/strong> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc aile bireylerinin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 hat\u0131r de\u011fil, ailevi ili\u015fkiler ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler i\u00e7erisinde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/strong> Yolculukta arac\u0131n yak\u0131t\u0131na ortak olunmas\u0131 durumunda hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmeyecektir.<\/p>\n

Ara\u00e7ta hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma veya arac\u0131n hat\u0131r i\u00e7in verilmesi, ba\u015fkas\u0131na kolayl\u0131k g\u00f6sterme, iyilik etme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine dayanmaktad\u0131r. Ara\u00e7ta hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma veya arac\u0131 hat\u0131r i\u00e7in verme, m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda ta\u015f\u0131nan ya da verilen ki\u015finin menfaatine olmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n

3-)Hat\u0131r \u0130\u00e7in Ta\u015f\u0131nan veya Kullanan Ki\u015finin \u00d6lmesi ya da Yaralanmas\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hat\u0131r ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 durumu, hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015finin veya hat\u0131r i\u00e7in arac\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z verildi\u011fi ki\u015finin, \u00f6lmesi ya da yaralanmas\u0131 durumunda s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fleten veya ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu te\u015febb\u00fcs sahibinin sorumlu tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in, arac\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya arac\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi ki\u015finin yaralanmas\u0131 veya \u00f6lmesi \u015feklinde bir zarar meydana gelmelidir. \u0130\u015fleten (ara\u00e7 sahibi) veya te\u015febb\u00fcs sahibi(otob\u00fcs firmas\u0131 vs.), hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nan veya hat\u0131r i\u00e7in arac\u0131n kendisine verildi\u011fi ki\u015finin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feye ili\u015fkin zararlardan sorumlu de\u011fildir. Zarar, hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015finin kendisinde meydana gelmelidir. Ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015fiye ait e\u015fyada meydana gelen zararlar bu kapsamda yer almaz.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 Tazminat<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma kusura dayanan bir haks\u0131z fiil sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in zarar g\u00f6ren kimse gerek u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 maddi zararlar\u0131 gerekse manevi zararlar\u0131 zarar verenden talep edebilecektir. T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu<\/a> madde 51 f\u0131kra 1\u2019e g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

\u201cHakim, tazminat\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6denme bi\u00e7imini, durumun gere\u011fini ve \u00f6zellikle kusurun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak belirler.\u201d<\/p>\n

Madde h\u00fckm\u00fcnden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere maddi tazminat\u0131n kapsam\u0131 tespit edilirken kusurun a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 esas al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Maddi tazminatta indirim ise Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu 52. maddede d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. H\u00fckme g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

Zarar g\u00f6ren, zarar\u0131 do\u011furan fiile raz\u0131 olmu\u015f veya zarar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131nda ya da artmas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015f yahut tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn durumunu a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ise hakim, tazminat\u0131 indirebilir veya tamamen kald\u0131rabilir (TBK md. 52\/1).<\/p>\n

Zarara hafif kusuruyla sebep olan tazminat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcs\u00fc, tazminat\u0131 \u00f6dedi\u011finde yoksullu\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fecek olur ve hakkaniyet de gerektirirse hakim, tazminat\u0131 indirebilir (TBK md. 52\/2). Hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015fi de zarar\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131nda veya artmas\u0131nda etkili olmu\u015f ise tazminat indirilebilir veya tamamen kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 Manevi Tazminat<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Manevi tazminat talepleri ise v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali ve \u00f6l\u00fcm hallerinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. BK. m. 56\u2019ya g\u00f6re; Hakim, bir kimsenin bedensel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn zedelenmesi durumunda, olay\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutarak, zarar g\u00f6rene uygun bir miktar paran\u0131n manevi tazminat olarak \u00f6denmesine karar verebilir (TBK md. 56\/1).<\/p>\n

A\u011f\u0131r bedensel zarar veya \u00f6l\u00fcm halinde, zarar g\u00f6renin veya \u00f6lenin yak\u0131nlar\u0131na da manevi tazminat olarak uygun bir miktar paran\u0131n \u00f6denmesine karar verilebilir (TBK md. 56\/2).<\/p>\n

TBK 56. madde h\u00fckm\u00fc gere\u011fi hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015fi yaralanmas\u0131 nedeniyle hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015fiden manevi tazminat talep edebilir. Ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015fi a\u011f\u0131r bedensel zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fse veya \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015fse hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nan ki\u015finin yak\u0131nlar\u0131 da hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131yan ki\u015fiden manevi tazminat talep edebilecektir.<\/p>\n

Uygulamada \u201cdestekten yoksun kalma tazminat\u0131\u201d istemlerinde \u00f6len ki\u015finin hat\u0131r i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde hesaplanan tazminattan hakimin takdirine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak indirim yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve genelde bu indirim miktar\u0131n\u0131n Yarg\u0131tay 17. Hukuk Dairesi yerle\u015fik uygulamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re %20 oldu\u011fu vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Hat\u0131r Ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 Say\u0131lmayan Haller<\/strong><\/h2>\n